Management,
manager, and leadership
management
According to experts, the
management itself is closely related to style, art and a vibrant and dynamic
processes within the organization in its efforts to achieve the goals and how
these goals can be achieved effectively and efficiently.
Luther Gulick provides a
definition of management as a branch of science that seeks systematically to
understand why and how people work together to achieve goals and make the
system better cooperation is beneficial to humans (Handoko, 1999: 9).
Meanwhile, according to Stoner
management is the process of planning, organizing, directing and monitoring the
efforts of the members of the organization and the use of resources in the
organization in order to achieve organizational goals that have been set (Ibid,
8).
Meanwhile, in the opinion of Mary
Parker Fallet, management as an art (art) in completing a job through other
people (Ibid, 12).
In the above definition,
management focused on business to take advantage of others in achieving the
goals. To achieve these objectives, the people within the organization must be
clear authority, responsibility and job duties.
While understanding the
management proposed by Makharita that: Management is the utilization of
available resources or potentials in Achieving a given ends (Management is the
utilization of the resources available or potentially in the achievement of
objectives (Handayaningrat, 1993: 10).
The definition of management is
more focused on business use / exploit resources available or potentially in
achieving the goals. As for the sources are people, money, materials, equipment
(machinery), the method, time and other infrastructure.
Manager
the manager is the one who has
the experience, knowledge and skills are well recognized by the organization to
be able to lead, manage, control, regulate and develop the organization in
order to achieve its objectives. Or the definition of another manager is
someone who can direct others and able to be responsible for the activity or the
work.
the levels of manager
As in some organizations,
managers are often grouped into several categories such as top managers or top
management, manager mengah level or middle management and first line managers
ataufirst-line management. Here at the bottom of this explanation:
1. manejemen first line (first
line management).
The first line manager is the
lowest tinggatan, often known by the operations manager. His job as directing
and supervising the non-managerial pegaawai derlibat in the production process.
Usually they are often called supervisors, area managers, shift managers,
department managers, office manager or foreman. That is the explanation of the
first-line managers.
Read also about: Definition of
operational management and scope.
2. The mid-level managers (middle
management).
This mid-level managers are among
the first-line managers (first line management) and top managers (top
management), his duties as a liaison between the two. The positions are
included in this mid-level managers such as project managers, plant managers,
division managers or heads of sections. That is the explanation of mid-level
managers.
Read also clearly: Understanding
of project management and complete example.
3. Top managers (top management).
Top managers in charge of planning
the activities and strategy of the organization or company in general and
directs the course of the organization or company. Is known for its top
managers instilah executive officer, examples of top managers such as Chief
Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Chief Information
Officer (CIO). And that's the explanation of the top managers.
Some of the tasks of a manager
As for some of the tasks
performed by a manager such as below:
• The first, of course, lead the
organization.
• The second, set and control the
organization.
• The third, float organization.
• The fourth, overcoming the
various problems facing the organization.
• The fifth, supervise and
control the organization.
• The sixth, foster trust.
• The seventh, increasing the
sense of responsibility.
• The eighth, evaluate the
activities of the organization.
• And ninth, explore and develop
the resources of the organization or company.
Leadership
According Tead; Terry; Hoyt (in
Kartono, 2003) Understanding Leadership is an art activity or influence others
to cooperate based on the person's ability to lead others in achieving the
desired goals of the group.
According to Young (in Kartono,
2003) Understanding Leadership is a form of domination that is based on
personal abilities that could encourage or incite others to do something based
on acceptance by the group, and has special expertise that is appropriate for
the specific situation.
Moejiono (2002) considers that
the actual leadership as a result of the influence of the direction, because
the leaders may have certain qualities that distinguishes itself by its
followers. The theorists voluntary (compliance induction theorist) tend to view
leadership as a force or displacement effect indirectly and as a means to form
a group in accordance with the wishes leader (Moejiono, 2002)
Leadership is a process of
influence or give examples by kepadapengikutnya leader in the effort to achieve
organizational goals. Natural way to learn leadership is "doing the
work" practices such as apprenticeship in a skilled artist, craftsman, or
practitioner. In this connection, the experts are expected as part of peranya
provide teaching / instruction.
Most people still tend to say
that the leader who effectively have the nature or certain characteristics that
are very important for example, the charisma, the foresight, the power of
persuasion, and intensity. And indeed, when we think about the leader of the
heroic like Napoleon, Washington, Lincoln, Churchill, Sukarno, General
Sudirman, and so we must recognize that the properties as it is attached to
them and have them use to achieve the goals they want.
No comments:
Post a Comment