The basic concept of management
Definition of Management (Definition of
Management)
Management word comes from Old French
mnagement, which means the art to implement and manage. According to Mary
Parker Follett, management as the art work done through others. This definition
means that a manager responsible for managing and directing others to achieve
organizational goals.
Definition of management according to
the experts:
1. According to Drs. Oey Liang Lee
interpret management is a science in planning, organization, preparation,
direction and control of humans to determine the achievement of the objectives
that have been set.
2. Definition of management according
to James A.F. Stoner is the process of planning, organizing and use of
resources of other organizations so that organizational goals can be achieved
in accordance with established.
3. Definition of management according
to R. Terry is a typical process comprises the actions of planning, organizing,
and controlling done in determining and achieving the targets set through the
utilization of human resources and others.
4. Definition of management according
to Lawrence A. Appley is an art to achieve certain goals through the work done
by others
5. Definition of management according
to Horold Koont and Cyril O'Donnell is an attempt to achieve the goal through
the activities of others.
6. Definition of management according
to the stoner is a process in planning, ppengorganisasian, controlling and
leading all kinds of business than the members of the organization and use all
the resources of the organization in achieving its goals.
7. Definition of management according
to Wilson Waking up is a series of activities undertaken by the members of the
organization so that the goal can be achieved with a series of regular and
well-organized.
BASIC CONCEPTS OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION
1. Management as a science
Luther Gullich proposed by management
is a field guidance that seeks to understand why and how people work together
to achieve a goal.
Management as science itself has been
studied for a long time and has been in the organizing into a theory. This is
because in it describes the symptoms management, these symptoms then examined
using scientific methods that are formulated in the form of the principles embodied
in the form of a theory.
Management functions as a science to
explain phenomena that can give direction to managers on what he should do.
2.Manajemen As Art
Proposed by Henry M Boettinger
management is the art of taking a decision means that management is the
ability, skills, or the skills to apply the principles and techniques in
utilizing resources efficiently to realize the goal.
Medium management as an art, here the
view that in reaching a goal required collaboration with others, well how to instruct
the others to cooperate. By the very nature of human activity in general is
managing (set). To set here required an art, how others require the work to
achieve a common goal.
Management functions as art is to
achieve a real goal, to bring the results or benefits.
3.Manajemen As A Profession
Management is defined as a profession
because management requires particular expertise in achieving its objectives,
in modern times all kinds of activities should be was managed, in the sense of
a clear and present atuuran might say that the field of management has been a
profession for experts. Why is that, as in any activity of work to be done
efficiently and effectively, in order to obtain masekan or large input.
Goal In Management
Every human activities are expected to
achieve the desired goal, as we know the purpose of management is very
important because these objectives can be:
Create an atmosphere of cooperation
are active, innovative, creative, effective, fun and meaningful for employees
or members.
The creation of the employee or member
who actively developing the potential for him to have the spiritual power of
religion, self-control, personality, intelligence, good values, and skills
needed him manyarakat nation.
Fulfillment of one of the four (4)
working competence of the members as well as managerial competence
tertunjangnya superiors and members as managers.
The achievement of a more effective
and efficient in an organization.
Terbekalinya professionals with a
theory about the process and the administrative task of leadership
(tertunjangnya profession as a manager or management consultant).
Teratasinya job quality problems
because 80% is due to the quality management workers.
Based on these objectives can be
understood that the management has paranan important in achieving the goals
that have been determined from the outset.
Organization
When entrepreneurs start a business,
he had to prepare the organization to be managed. The organization is a group
of people who work together to achieve certain goals. Within the organization,
if the goals set to be achieved effectively and efficiently, then entrepreneurs
must apply management concepts. Management is a science and an art in managing
the available resources effectively and efficiently to achieve the specific
goals and objectives. So the organization and management have a strong
relationship.
By its nature, the organization is
divided into two kinds, namely formal and informal organizations. Formal
organization describes the interaction of authority firmly and structural
relationships within an organization. This is illustrated in the organizational
structure that describes the position and job responsibilities. Informal
organization describe the interactions and relationships among workers, which
form a pattern that is not officially created and organized by the management.
With the concept of management,
entrepreneurs create a formal organization, but entrepreneurs should also be
aware that there is always an informal organization that can have positive and
negative attributes. Positive values will be instrumental in the achievement
of organizational goals. Entrepreneurs need to manage values in an informal
organization that does not undermine the overall organization.
The process of evaluating the performance
of an organization and taking corrective actions are required in order to
achieve
organizational goals.
Within the organization that manages,
entrepreneurs determine the organizational structure, the formal patterns of
how people and work are grouped in an organization. This organizational
structure should be able to translate the company's strategy. The existence of
the organizational structure can affect behavior, motivation, performance,
cooperation and relationships between groups within the organization.
Entrepreneurs as organizational
leaders have a duty to create an organizational structure that can encourage
employees to work hard and develop the sporty nature. Besides, it also
facilitates individuals and groups to work together effectively.
Generally, there are four types of
organizational structure is the organizational structure of lines, line and
staff organizational structure, functional organization structure, and the
organizational structure of the matrix:
The organizational structure of the
line
The organizational structure of
implementing powers flow directly from the top management to the management
underneath. Pemimipin firms own a direct authority in supervising subordinates.
The weakness of this model is the responsibility borne entirely by leaders of
the company so it can get stuck in the administrative work that is so short of
time to think about things and the strategic plan. The organizational structure
of this type is suitable for small and medium-scale Vendor.
The organizational structure of line and staff
This organizational structure is a
combination of the line organization and department staff. Department staff
provide advice to the line departments. Decision-making remains in the line
departments. Department staff only provide specific technical support. This
organizational structure is found in many medium and large companies.
Functional organization structure
In the functional organization
structure, each manager is a specialist or expert and each subordinate has
several leaders. The manager has full powers to carry out functions which it is
responsible.
Matrix organization structure
This organizational structure is a
structural design that assigns specialists from different functional
departments to work on a project led by a project manager. The project manager
has otoritaas against slat involved. So slat involved have two bosses, the line
managers and project mannajer. This model is widely used in the company large
and multinational companies.
And all four of the organizational
structure can be used according to the circumstances faced by the organization.
Entrepreneurs should be able to ensure that the organizational structure is
designed to encourage achieve organizational goals. In addition, with the rapid
advancement of technology and the changes in an increasingly dynamic
environment, the organizational structure should be more flexible to respond to
such changes.
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